Multiplication
- Repeated addition (3 x 4 = 4 + 4 + 4)
- Arrays (arrangement of things in rows and columns – 3 rows of 4 things = 3 x 4)
- Facts to 10X10
- Mental math (43 x 5 = 40 x 5 + 3 x 5 = 215)
- Apply properties
- Identity: n x 1=n
- Commutative: a x b= b x a
- Associative: a x (b x c) = (a x b) x c
- Estimation
- Problem solving
Division
- Fair Shares (45 ÷ 5 is the same as 45 shared equally by 5 people)
- Repeated subtraction
- Relationship to multiplication
- Understanding of remainders
- Estimation
- Problem solving
Geometry
- Identify and explain properties of figures (sides, vertices, angles)
- Draw and classify geometric figures
- Scalene, isosceles, right and equilateral triangles
- Parts of a circle (center, diameter, radius)
Money
· Model addition and subtraction by counting back change using
the fewest number of coins
Time
· Determine elapsed time of a full, and half-hour
Data
· Create and interpret simple tables and graphs
· Solve problems by gathering, organizing and displaying data in
charts, tables, and graphs
· Construct and interpret line plot graphs, pictographs, Venn
diagrams, and bar graphs using scale increments of 1, 2, 5,
and 10
Here are some suggestions to help your child at home:
Multiplication is repeated addition of the same number.
For example: 4 x 3 = 3+ 3 + 3 + 3 = 12
Or 4 groups of 3 = 12
□□□ □□□ □□□ □□□
Another way to think about multiplication is to think about an array, or arrangement of objects in equal rows.
ΟΟΟΟΟΟ There are 3 rows.
ΟΟΟΟΟΟ There are 6 items in each row.
ΟΟΟΟΟΟ 3 x 6 = 18
- Encourage your child to draw an array or to use small objects such as tiles or pennies to make an array to describe a multiplication fact.
Division can be thought of as dividing a collection of things into equal groups. For example, above 18 is divided by 3.
- Have your child count the crackers in a packet, bananas in a bunch, or apples in a bag. Then ask how many each of you would get if you both shared the food. What if the food was shared among 3 people? 4 people? Point out that some amounts won’t divide into equal groups. There may be crackers or apples left over after dividing them. What should you do with the leftovers?
In geometry your child is learning to identify plane figures, two dimensional flat shapes such as circles and squares, and to describe them in terms of angles, sides, and vertices (corners).
To help your child practice these skills play the following games together.
Double Compare
Materials: A deck of cards without the face cards
Step 1 Deal all the cards equally between 2 players. Players keep their pile of cards
face down in front of them.
Step 2 Player 1 turns over his top two cards, multiplies them and says product
aloud.
Player 2 turns over his top two cards, multiplies them and says product aloud.
The player with the higher (or lower) product wins all four cards.
Step 3 Continue playing until all the cards are used. If the products tie,
play another set of cards and the winner takes all.
Step 4 The player with the most cards at the end of the game wins.
Multiplication Riddles
Materials: Cards with multiplication problems, 45 pennies for each player
Step 1 Mix the multiplication cards and place them face down
Step 2 Player turns over a card without player 2 seeing it. Player 1 then uses pennies to show the multiplication problem. For example, if the problem is 4 x 5, Player 1 places pennies in 4 groups of 5 pennies each
Step 3 Player 2 looks at the penny pattern and says what multiplication problem is on the card.
Make an array
Materials: 50 pennies
Step 1 Player 1 says a division fact For example, 12 ÷ 3
Step 2 Player 2 shows the fact in an array using pennies and says quotient.
Step 3 Reverse roles